An agent-based model to assess the impact of shared staff and occupancy rate on infectious disease burden in nursing homes

Table 1 A list of the model parameters values and descriptions that reflect disease transmission dynamics within and between nursing homes^f

Symbol	Parameter description	Mean value	Refs
\({{\varvec{f}}}_{{\varvec{a}}}\)	Proportion of asymptomatic individuals	0.39	[21]
\({{\varvec{\sigma}}}_{1}\)	Probability of shedding	0.38	[33]
\({{\varvec{\beta}}}_{1}\)	Infection transmission rate for residents	0.15^a	[25, 33]
\({{\varvec{\rho}}}_{\mathbf{h}}\)	Proportion of hospitalized residents	0.23	[6, 20]
\({{\varvec{\beta}}}_{4}\)	Mortality rate among hospitalized residents	0.26^b	[43, 56]
\({{\varvec{\rho}}}_{1}\)	Recovery rate = 1/duration of infection	1/15 days^c	[12]
\({{\varvec{\rho}}}_{3}\)	Percent recovery among hospitalized residents	40.7%^b	[43, 56]
\({{\varvec{V}}}_{1}\)	Percent vaccinated for residents (and staff)	70.5%, (40.1%)^d	[57]
\({{\varvec{V}}}_{2}\)	The period until vaccine-induced immunity wanes	87 days^e	[58]

^aThe transmission rate in Nursing Home 1 was assumed to be slightly lower than that of Nursing Home 2, reflecting differences in management practices and quality of care (mean value of 0.14 versus 0.15)
^bHospitalization and mortality rates vary greatly among nursing homes [38]
^cIn most Nursing homes, residents were classified as recovered after a minimum of 14 days from the symptom onset and provided that two consecutive tests for SARS-CoV-2 were negative [12]
^dPercent values greatly fluctuate across states and time periods. For instance, as of January 2024, only 38% of residents and 15% of staff have received the new vaccine. Meanwhile, 50% of residents and 22% of staff received their vaccination series in 2022 [57]
^eThis is the estimated value for the Omicron variant
^fValues of \({{\varvec{\beta}}}_{2}\) and \({{\varvec{\beta}}}_{3}\) are assumed to be zero. Parameter values for \({{\varvec{f}}}_{{\varvec{a}}}{,{\varvec{\sigma}}}_{1}, {{\varvec{\rho}}}_{1}\) and \({{\varvec{V}}}_{2}\) are both for staff and residents

ISSN: 1471-2334