Table 4 Factors associated with PCC persistence

Age, median (IQR)

60 (51–72)

58 (50–68)

61 (53–72)

0.103

Females, n (%)

117 (38%)

62 (31.3%)

55 (50%)

0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

112 (36.4%)

70 (35.4%)

42 (38.2%)

0.621

Obesity, n (%)

76/255 (29.8%)

53 (29.1%)

23 (31.5%)

0.968

COVID-19 vaccination before infection, n (%)

23/287 (8%)

9/195 (4.6%)

14/92 (15.2%)

0.004

Calendar period, n (%):

 2020

251 (81.8%)

181 (91.4%)

70 (64.2%)

 < 0.001

 2021

39 (12.7%)

12 (6.1%)

27 (24.8%)

 2022

13 (4.2%)

3 (1.5%)

10 (9.2%)

 2023

5 (1.3%)

3 (1%)

2 (1.8%)

Setting, n (%):

 Outpatients

12 (3.9%)

3 (1.5%)

9 (8.2%)

0.004

 Hospital admission

296 (96.1%)

195 (98.5%)

101 (91.8%)

 Interstitial pneumonia, n (%)

226/254 (89%)

148/167 (88.6%)

78/87 (89.7%)

0.803

Oxygen therapy, n (%):

 None

64 (20.8%)

40 (20.2%)

24 (21.8%)

0.836

 NC/VM

111 (36%)

74 (37.4%)

37 (33.6%)

 RM/HFNC/cPAP

107 (34.7%)

69 (34.8%)

38 (34.5%)

 NIV/OTI

26 (8.4%)

15 (7.6%)

11 (10%)

 Months from the acute phase, median (IQR)

8 (6–15)

10 (6–19)

7 (6–11)

0.098

 HADS/A, n (%)

39/263 (14.8%)

20/178 (11.2%)

19/85 (22.4%)

0.018

 HADS/D, n (%)

23/261 (8.8%)

11 (6.2%)

12 (14.5%)

0.035

 PSTD, n (%)

67/195 (34.4%)

38/131 (29%)

29/64 (45.3%)

0.024