Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 The risk factors of Anemia in people living with HIV

Risk factor	Number of included literature	Results of heterogeneity test	Effect model	Result
Risk factor	Number of included literature	I2		OR (95%CI)	p
Zidovudine (2,10)	2	85.5%	Random effect model	9.28 [1.18–73]	< 0.05*
Stunting (4,22)	2	30.3%	Random effect model	2.36 (1.54–3.62)	< 0.001*
Rural (4,38)	2	96.4%	Random effect model	3.1 (0.22–43.64)	0.401
Low CD4 Count (2,5,19,20,22,26,30,38)	8	45%	Random effect model	3.56 (2.59–4.9)	< 0.001*
Underweight BMI (5,26)	2	0%	Fixed effect model	4.75 [3.57–6.33]	< 0.05*
Female Gender (5,20,28,30)	4	11%	Fixed effect model	3.06 (2.71- 3.45)	< 0.05*
Viral Load (16, 22)	2	0.0%	Fixed effect model	2.86 (1.47–5.58)	< 0.05*
Low WBC (25, 38)	2	0%	Fixed effect model	3.67 (0.92–14.63)	0.0531
Before ART_ (30,38)	2	72.7%	Random effect model	2.67 (1.17–6.12)	< 0.05*
HIV Stage 3 & 4	2	0%	Fixed effect model	1.42(0.64–3.15)	0.376
Alcohol	2	0%	Fixed effect model	0.85(0.47–1.56)	0.605
Smoking	2	41%	Random effect model	0.99(0.44–2.22)	0.995
Opportunistic Infections	4	46%	Random effect model	2.19(1.07–4.5)	< 0.05*

ISSN: 1471-2334