Factor | Number of studies | Category | OR | 95% CI | Model | Heterogeneity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | p-value | ||||||
Sex | 8 | Male | 1 | ||||
Female | 0.94 | 0.70–1.25 | Random | 94.0 | < 0.001 | ||
Age (in years) | 7 | 30 + | 1 | ||||
< 30 | 0.70 | 0.30–1.67 | Random | 89.3 | < 0.001 | ||
Educational level 1 | 4 | None | 1 | ||||
Primary | 1.75 | 0.80–3.86 | Random | 89.2 | < 0.001 | ||
Educational level 2 | 6 | None/Primary | 1 | ||||
Secondary | 1.75 | 1.56–1.97* | Fixed | 44.5 | 0.109 | ||
Tertiary | 1.32 | 0.89–1.97 | Random | 73.1 | 0.002 | ||
Marital status | 5 | Othersa | 1 | ||||
In partnershipb | 1.16 | 0.67–1.99 | Random | 91.8 | < 0.001 | ||
Employment status | 2 | Employed | 1 | ||||
Unemployed | 1.02 | 0.93–1.12 | Fixed | 0.0 | 0.395 | ||
Religion | 5 | Christian | 1 | ||||
Othersc | 0.99 | 0.17–5.89 | Random | 95.2 | < 0.001 | ||
Residency | 3 | Rural | 1 | ||||
Urban | 1.66 | 1.21–2.29* | Fixed | 39.5 | 0.191 | ||
Household member | 3 | 5 + | 1 | ||||
< 5 | 1.42 | 0.99–2.04 | Fixed | 29.9 | 0.240 | ||
Professional status | 2 | Doctor | 1 | ||||
Othersd | 1.06 | 0.05–23.87 | Random | 94.8 | < 0.001 | ||
Comorbidity | 4 | Absent | 1 | ||||
Present | 3.56 | 0.34–37.14 | Random | 95.0 | < 0.001 |