Table 1 Characteristics of reported cases of Chlamydia psittaci infection
From: Psittacosis pneumonia with the reversed halo sign: a case report and literature review
Case | Sex, age (years) | Country | Year | Symptoms | Underlying disease | History of avian exposure | The time of RHS detection | Location of lung lesion (Location of RHS) | Contours of RHS | Pleural effusion | Diagnostic methods | Medication | Treatment duration | Radiographic detection of absorption | Clinical outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 [20] | F, 26 | Japan | 2021 | Cough and fever | None | Pigeon feces | 2 weeks | Left upper lobe | Thickened walls | Absence | serology | Azithromycin (oral, 500Â mg/day) | NA | 26 days | Symptoms improved within 3 days, mild cough persisted for 2 months |
2 [21] | F, 35 | Nepal | 2022 | High-grade fever with chills, rigors, and headache | None | Dead parrot | 2 weeks | Right upper and right lower lobes (both) | Thickened walls | Absence | clinical assessment | Doxycycline (oral, 100Â mg twice daily) | 2 weeks | 2 weeks | Condition improved within 48Â h, asymptomatic after 2 weeks |
3 [22] | F, 52 | Japan | 2007 | High fever, non-productive cough, and general fatigue | None | Dead parakeet | 3 days | Right lower lobe | Thickened walls | Absence | serology | Minocycline (NA) | NA | Mostly, 28 days | Temperature returned to normal in 1Â day |
4 [23] | F, 61 | China | 2020 | Fever, rigor, weakness, productive cough, and dizziness | None | Pet parrot | 3 days | Both lungs (Right lower and left lower lobes) | Thickened walls | Absence | mNGS | Moxifloxacin (NA) | NA | Partial, 8 days | Temperature returned to normal in 1Â day |
5 [24] | M, 52 | China | 2021 | Fever | NA | NA | 3 days | Right lower lobe | Thickened walls | Absence | mNGS | NA | NA | NA | NA |
6 [24] | F, 49 | China | 2021 | Fever and cough | NA | NA | 10 days | Both lungs (Right upper lobe) | Thickened walls | Absence | mNGS | NA | NA | NA | NA |
7 This study | M, 26 | China | 2023 | Fever and cough with sputum | None | Pigeons | 6 days | Right lower lobe | Thickened walls | Absence | mNGS | Omadacycline(first dose 0.2 g, then 0.1 g/day for5 days) + oral azithromycin (0.5 g/day for 9 days) | 2weeks | Mostly, 26 days | Temperature returned to normal on the following day, cough completely resolved 2 weeks later |